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ALASKA DEFINITIONS

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Article 4. Sexual Offenses.

Sec. 11.41.410. Sexual assault in the first degree.

(a) An offender commits the crime of sexual assault in the first degree if

(1) the offender engages in sexual penetration with another person without consent of that person;

(2) the offender attempts to engage in sexual penetration with another person without consent of that person and causes serious physical injury to that person;

(3) the offender engages in sexual penetration with another person

(A) who the offender knows is mentally incapable; and

(B) who is in the offender's care

(i) by authority of law; or

(ii) in a facility or program that is required by law to be licensed by the state; or

(4) the offender engages in sexual penetration with a person who the offender knows is unaware that a sexual act is being committed and

(A) the offender is a health care worker; and

(B) the offense takes place during the course of professional treatment of the victim.

(b) Sexual assault in the first degree is an unclassified felony and is punishable as provided in AS 12.55.


Sec. 11.41.420. Sexual assault in the second degree.

(a) An offender commits the crime of sexual assault in the second degree if

(1) the offender engages in sexual contact with another person without consent of that person;

(2) the offender engages in sexual contact with a person

(A) who the offender knows is mentally incapable; and

(B) who is in the offender's care

(i) by authority of law; or

(ii) in a facility or program that is required by law to be licensed by the state;

(3) the offender engages in sexual penetration with a person who is

(A) mentally incapable;

(B) incapacitated; or

(C) unaware that a sexual act is being committed; or

(4) the offender engages in sexual contact with a person who the offender knows is unaware that a sexual act is being committed and

(A) the offender is a health care worker; and

(B) the offense takes place during the course of professional treatment of the victim.

(b) Sexual assault in the second degree is a class B felony.


Sec. 11.41.425. Sexual assault in the third degree.

(a) An offender commits the crime of sexual assault in the third degree if the offender

(1) engages in sexual contact with a person who is

(A) mentally incapable;

(B) incapacitated; or

(C) unaware that a sexual act is being committed;

(2) while employed in a state correctional facility or other placement designated by the commissioner of corrections for the custody and care of prisoners, engages in sexual penetration with a person who the offender knows is committed to the custody of the Department of Corrections to serve a term of imprisonment or period of temporary commitment;

(3) engages in sexual penetration with a person 18 or 19 years of age who the offender knows is committed to the custody of the Department of Health and Social Services under AS 47.10 or AS 47.12 and the offender is the legal guardian of the person;

(4) while employed in the state by a law enforcement agency as a peace officer, or while acting as a peace officer in the state, engages in sexual penetration with a person with reckless disregard that the person is in the custody or the apparent custody of the offender, or is committed to the custody of a law enforcement agency;

(5) while employed by the state or a municipality of the state as a probation officer or parole officer, or while acting as a probation officer or parole officer in the state, engages in sexual penetration with a person with reckless disregard that the person is on probation or parole; or

(6) while employed as a juvenile probation officer or as a juvenile facility staff, engages in sexual penetration with a person 18 or 19 years of age with reckless disregard that the person is committed to the custody or probationary supervision of the Department of Health and Social Services.

(b) In this section,

(1) “juvenile facility staff” means a person employed in a juvenile detention or treatment facility;

(2) “juvenile probation officer” means a person assigned to supervise another person 18 or 19 years of age who is committed to the probationary supervision of the Department of Health and Social Services;

(3) “parole officer” has the meaning given in AS 18.65.290;

(4) “peace officer” has the meaning given in AS 01.10.060;

(5) “probation officer” includes a

(A) probation officer as defined in AS 18.65.290; or

(B) person who supervises a participant in a specialty court, including a therapeutic or wellness court addressing alcohol or drug use, a court addressing the needs of veterans, an adult or juvenile mental health court, a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder court, or a family care or preservation court.

(c) Sexual assault in the third degree is a class C felony.


Sec. 11.41.427. Sexual assault in the fourth degree.

(a) An offender commits the crime of sexual assault in the fourth degree if

(1) while employed in a state correctional facility or other placement designated by the commissioner of corrections for the custody and care of prisoners, the offender engages in sexual contact with a person who the offender knows is committed to the custody of the Department of Corrections to serve a term of imprisonment or period of temporary commitment;

(2) the offender engages in sexual contact with a person 18 or 19 years of age who the offender knows is committed to the custody of the Department of Health and Social Services under AS 47.10 or AS 47.12 and the offender is the legal guardian of the person;

(3) while employed in the state by a law enforcement agency as a peace officer, or while acting as a peace officer in the state, the offender engages in sexual contact with a person with reckless disregard that the person is in the custody or the apparent custody of the offender, or is committed to the custody of a law enforcement agency;

(4) while employed by the state or a municipality of the state as a probation officer or parole officer, or while acting as a probation officer or parole officer in the state, the offender engages in sexual contact with a person with reckless disregard that the person is on probation or parole; or

(5) while employed as a juvenile probation officer or as a juvenile facility staff, the offender engages in sexual contact with a person 18 or 19 years of age with reckless disregard that the person is committed to the custody or probationary supervision of the Department of Health and Social Services.

(b) In this section,

(1) “juvenile facility staff” has the meaning given in AS 11.41.425;

(2) “juvenile probation officer” has the meaning given in AS 11.41.425;

(3) “parole officer” has the meaning given in AS 18.65.290;

(4) “peace officer” has the meaning given in AS 01.10.060;

(5) “probation officer” has the meaning given in AS 11.41.425.

(c) Sexual assault in the fourth degree is a class A misdemeanor.


Sec. 11.41.430. Sexual assault in the third degree. [Repealed, § 10 ch 78 SLA 1983. For current law, see AS 11.41.425.]

Sec. 11.41.432. Defenses.

(a) It is a defense to a crime charged under AS 11.41.410(a)(3), 11.41.420(a)(2), 11.41.420(a)(3), 11.41.425, or 11.41.427 that the offender is

(1) mentally incapable; or

(2) [Repealed, § 138 ch 4 FSSLA 2019.]

(b) Except as provided in (d) or (e) of this section, in a prosecution under AS 11.41.410 — 11.41.427, it is not a defense that the victim was, at the time of the alleged offense, the legal spouse of the defendant.

(c) It is an affirmative defense to a crime charged under AS 11.41.425(a)(5) or 11.41.427(a)(4) that

(1) the offender and the person on probation or parole had, before the person was placed on probation or parole, a dating relationship or a sexual relationship that continued until the date of the alleged offense; and

(2) the person on probation or parole consented to the act for which the offender is charged.

(d) It is a defense to a crime charged under AS 11.41.425(a)(2) — (6) or 11.41.427 that the offender is married to the person, neither party has filed with the court for separation, divorce, or dissolution of the marriage, and the person consented to the act for which the offender was charged.

(e) It is an affirmative defense for a crime charged under AS 11.41.410(a)(3), 11.41.420(a)(2), 11.41.420(a)(3)(A), or 11.41.425(a)(1)(A) that the offender is married to the person, neither party has filed with the court for separation, divorce, or dissolution of the marriage, and the person consented to the act for which the offender is charged while capable of understanding the nature or consequences of the offender's conduct.


Sec. 11.41.434. Sexual abuse of a minor in the first degree.

(a) An offender commits the crime of sexual abuse of a minor in the first degree if

(1) being 16 years of age or older, the offender engages in sexual penetration with a person who is under 13 years of age or aids, induces, causes, or encourages a person who is under 13 years of age to engage in sexual penetration with another person;

(2) being 18 years of age or older, the offender engages in sexual penetration with a person who is under 18 years of age, and the offender is the victim's natural parent, stepparent, adopted parent, or legal guardian; or

(3) being 18 years of age or older, the offender engages in sexual penetration with a person who is under 16 years of age, and

(B) the offender occupies a position of authority in relation to the victim.

(b) Sexual abuse of a minor in the first degree is an unclassified felony and is punishable as provided in AS 12.55.


Sec. 11.41.436. Sexual abuse of a minor in the second degree.

(a) An offender commits the crime of sexual abuse of a minor in the second degree if,

(1) being 17 years of age or older, the offender engages in sexual penetration with a person who is 13, 14, or 15 years of age and at least four years younger than the offender, or aids, induces, causes, or encourages a person who is 13, 14, or 15 years of age and at least four years younger than the offender to engage in sexual penetration with another person;

(2) being 16 years of age or older, the offender engages in sexual contact with a person who is under 13 years of age or aids, induces, causes, or encourages a person under 13 years of age to engage in sexual contact with another person;

(3) being 18 years of age or older, the offender engages in sexual contact with a person who is under 18 years of age, and the offender is the victim's natural parent, stepparent, adopted parent, or legal guardian;

(4) being 16 years of age or older, the offender aids, induces, causes, or encourages a person who is under 16 years of age to engage in conduct described in AS 11.41.455(a)(2) — (6);

(5) being 18 years of age or older, the offender engages in sexual contact with a person who is under 16 years of age, and

(A) the victim at the time of the offense is residing in the same household as the offender and the offender has authority over the victim; or

(B) the offender occupies a position of authority in relation to the victim;

(6) being 18 years of age or older, the offender engages in sexual penetration with a person who is 16 or 17 years of age and at least three years younger than the offender, and the offender occupies a position of authority in relation to the victim; or

(7) being under 16 years of age, the offender engages in sexual penetration with a person who is under 13 years of age and at least three years younger than the offender.

(b) Sexual abuse of a minor in the second degree is a class B felony.


Sec. 11.41.438. Sexual abuse of a minor in the third degree.

(a) An offender commits the crime of sexual abuse of a minor in the third degree if being 17 years of age or older, the offender engages in sexual contact with a person who is 13, 14, or 15 years of age and at least four years younger than the offender.

(b) Except as provided in (c) of this section, sexual abuse of a minor in the third degree is a class C felony, punishable as provided in AS 12.55.125(e).

(c) Sexual abuse of a minor in the third degree is a class C felony, punishable under AS 12.55.125(i), if, at the time of the offense, the victim was at least six years younger than the offender.


Sec. 11.41.440. Sexual abuse of a minor in the fourth degree.

(a) An offender commits the crime of sexual abuse of a minor in the fourth degree if

(1) being under 16 years of age, the offender engages in sexual contact with a person who is under 13 years of age and at least three years younger than the offender; or

(2) being 18 years of age or older, the offender engages in sexual contact with a person who is 16 or 17 years of age and at least three years younger than the offender, and the offender occupies a position of authority in relation to the victim.

(b) Sexual abuse of a minor in the fourth degree is a class A misdemeanor.


Sec. 11.41.443. Spousal relationship no defense. [Repealed, § 61 ch 50 SLA 1989. For current law, see AS 11.41.432(b).]

Sec. 11.41.445. General provisions.


(a) In a prosecution under AS 11.41.434 — 11.41.440 it is an affirmative defense that, at the time of the alleged offense, the victim was the legal spouse of the defendant unless the offense was committed without the consent of the victim.

(b) In a prosecution under AS 11.41.410 — 11.41.440, whenever a provision of law defining an offense depends upon a victim's being under a certain age, it is an affirmative defense that, at the time of the alleged offense, the defendant

(1) reasonably believed the victim to be that age or older; and

(2) undertook reasonable measures to verify that the victim was that age or older.



Sec. 11.41.450. Incest.

(a) A person commits the crime of incest if, being 18 years of age or older, that person engages in sexual penetration with another who is related, either legitimately or illegitimately, as

(1) an ancestor or descendant of the whole or half blood;

(2) a brother or sister of the whole or half blood; or

(3) an uncle, aunt, nephew, or niece by blood.

(b) Incest is a class C felony.


Sec. 11.41.452. Enticement of a minor.

(a) A person commits the crime of enticement of a minor if the person, being 18 years of age or older, knowingly communicates with another person to entice, solicit, or encourage the person to engage in an act described in AS 11.41.455(a)(1) — (7) and

(1) the other person is a child under 16 years of age; or

(2) the person believes that the other person is a child under 16 years of age.

(b) In a prosecution under (a)(2) of this section, it is not a defense that the person enticed, solicited, or encouraged was not actually a child under 16 years of age.

(c) In a prosecution under this section, it is not necessary for the prosecution to show that the act described in AS 11.41.455(a)(1) — (7) was actually committed.

(d) Except as provided in (e) of this section, enticement of a minor is a class B felony.

(e) Enticement of a minor is a class A felony if the defendant was, at the time of the offense, required to register as a sex offender or child kidnapper under AS 12.63 or a similar law of another jurisdiction.


Sec. 11.41.455. Unlawful exploitation of a minor.

(a) A person commits the crime of unlawful exploitation of a minor if, in the state and with the intent of producing a live performance, film, audio, video, electronic, or electromagnetic recording, photograph, negative, slide, book, newspaper, magazine, or other material that visually or aurally depicts the conduct listed in (1) — (7) of this subsection, the person knowingly induces or employs a child under 18 years of age to engage in, or photographs, films, records, or televises a child under 18 years of age engaged in, the following actual or simulated conduct:

(1) sexual penetration;

(2) the lewd touching of another person's genitals, anus, or breast;

(3) the lewd touching by another person of the child's genitals, anus, or breast;

(4) masturbation;

(5) bestiality;

(6) the lewd exhibition of the child's genitals; or

(7) sexual masochism or sadism.

(b) A parent, legal guardian, or person having custody or control of a child under 18 years of age commits the crime of unlawful exploitation of a minor if, in the state, the person permits the child to engage in conduct described in (a) of this section knowing that the conduct is intended to be used in producing a live performance, film, audio, video, electronic, or electromagnetic recording, photograph, negative, slide, book, newspaper, magazine, or other material that visually or aurally depicts the conduct.

(c) Unlawful exploitation of a minor is

(1) a class A felony; or

(2) an unclassified felony if the

(A) person has been previously convicted of unlawful exploitation of a minor in this jurisdiction or a similar crime in this or another jurisdiction; or

(B) minor who is exploited is under 13 years of age at the time the exploitation occurs.

(d) In this section, “audio recording” means a nonbook prerecorded item without a visual component, and includes a record, tape, cassette, and compact disc.


Sec. 11.41.458. Indecent exposure in the first degree.

(a) An offender commits the crime of indecent exposure in the first degree if the offender violates AS 11.41.460(a) and

(1) while committing the act constituting the offense, the offender knowingly masturbates; or

(2) the offender has been previously convicted under

(A) this section;

(B) AS 11.41.460(a); or

(C) a law or ordinance of this or another jurisdiction with elements similar to a crime listed under (A) or (B) of this paragraph.

(b) Indecent exposure in the first degree

(1) is a class C felony; or

(2) is a class B felony if the offense occurs within the observation of a person under 16 years of age.


Sec. 11.41.460. Indecent exposure in the second degree.

(a) An offender commits the crime of indecent exposure in the second degree if the offender knowingly exposes the offender's genitals in the presence of another person with reckless disregard for the offensive, insulting, or frightening effect the act may have.

(b) Indecent exposure in the second degree before a person under 16 years of age is a class A misdemeanor. Indecent exposure in the second degree before a person 16 years of age or older is a class B misdemeanor.


Sec. 11.41.468. Forfeiture of property used in sexual offense.

(a) Property used to aid a violation of AS 11.41.410 — 11.41.458 or to aid the solicitation of, attempt to commit, or conspiracy to commit a violation of AS 11.41.410 — 11.41.458 may be forfeited to the state upon the conviction of the offender.

(b) In this section, “property” means computer equipment, telecommunications equipment, photography equipment, video or audio equipment, books, magazines, photographs, videotapes, audiotapes, and any equipment or device, regardless of format or technology employed, that can be used to store, create, modify, receive, transmit, or distribute digital or analog information, including images, motion pictures, and sounds.


Sec. 11.41.470. Definitions.

For purposes of AS 11.41.410 — 11.41.470, unless the context requires otherwise,

(1) “health care worker” includes a person who is or purports to be an acupuncturist, advanced practice registered nurse, anesthesiologist, certified direct-entry midwife, chiropractor, dentist, health aide, hypnotist, massage therapist, mental health counselor, midwife, nurse, osteopath, naturopath, physical therapist, physical therapy assistant, physician, physician assistant, psychiatrist, psychological associate, psychologist, radiologist, religious healing practitioner, surgeon, x-ray technician, or a substantially similar position;

(2) “incapacitated” means temporarily incapable of appraising the nature of one's own conduct or physically unable to express unwillingness to act;

(3) “legal guardian” means a person who is under a duty to exercise general supervision over a minor or other person committed to the custody of the Department of Health and Social Services under AS 47.10 or AS 47.12 as a result of a court order, statute, or regulation, and includes Department of Health and Social Services employees, foster parents, and staff members and other employees of group homes or youth facilities where the minor or other person is placed as a result of a court order or the action of the Department of Health and Social Services, and police officers, probation officers, and social workers when those persons are exercising custodial control over a minor or other person;

(4) “mentally incapable” means suffering from a mental disease or defect that renders the person incapable of understanding the nature or consequences of the person's conduct, including the potential for harm to that person;

(5) “position of authority” means an employer, youth leader, scout leader, coach, teacher, counselor, school administrator, religious leader, doctor, nurse, psychologist, guardian ad litem, babysitter, or a substantially similar position, and a police officer or probation officer other than when the officer is exercising custodial control over a minor;

(6) “sexual act” means sexual penetration or sexual contact;

(7) “victim” means the person alleged to have been subjected to sexual assault in any degree or sexual abuse of a minor in any degree;

(8) “without consent” means that a person

(A) with or without resisting, is coerced by the use of force against a person or property, or by the express or implied threat of death, imminent physical injury, or kidnapping to be inflicted on anyone; or

(B) is incapacitated as a result of an act of the defendant.
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